Megadiverse countries

 The concept of megadiversity is based on the total number of species in a country and the degree of endemism at the species level and at higher taxonomic levels. The World Conservation Monitoring Centre recognized 17 megadiverse countries in July 2000 including:

1. Australia 6. India 11. Brazil 16. United States

2. The Congo 7. Indonesia 12. Colombia 17. Venezuela

3. Madagascar 8. Malaysia 13. Ecuador

4. South Africa 9. Papua New Guinea 14. Mexico

5. China 10. Philippines 15. Peru

 This group of countries has less than 10% of the global surface, but support more than 70% of the biological diversity on earth.

 The concept was first developed by Russell Mittermeier in 1988, as a way to prioritize conservation action. Based on an analysis of primate conservation priorities, he found that four countries accounted for two-thirds of all primate species. The analysis was then expanded to include other mammals, birds, reptiles, amphibians, plants and selected groups of insects.

 This countries representing majority of tropical rainforests, coral reefs and other priority systems. The results of the assessment were published in the Megadiversity: Earth’s biologically wealthiest nations (Mittermeier, Gil and Mittermeier eds. 1997. Cemex, Mexico).

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